The increasingly widespread application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the field of sports biomechanics has provided more effective technological support for competitive sports science to help athletes improve their performance. Using AI technologies and methods to obtain athletes’ biomechanical data, analyze the biomechanical characteristics of movement techniques, design training plans, adjust tactical strategies, and prevent sports injuries has become an integral part of high-level competitive sports. This paper summarizes the current applications of AI technology in sports biomechanics through a literature review, including its applications in movement technique analysis for performance enhancement, tactical analysis, and sports injury prevention. The goal is to provide new ideas for further promoting the application of AI technology in sports biomechanics, offer new methods and means for competitive sports science and technology, and create more possibilities for the development of AI technology itself.