基于数值模拟仿真分析跳台滑雪关键技术的气动力差异特征
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1.西安体育学院 运动与健康科学学院;2.国家体育总局 体育科学研究所;3.山东体育学院 运动健康学院;4.上海体育大学 运动健身科技省部共建教育部重点实验室;5.沈阳体育学院 运动健康学院

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Analysis of aerodynamic differences in key techniques of ski jumping based on numerical simulation
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1.Research Center for Sport Psychology and Biomechanics,China Institute of Sport Science;2.School of Sport and Health,Shandong Sport University;3.Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education,Shanghai University of Sport

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    摘要:

    摘要:目的 跳台滑雪起跳和空中飞行关键技术参数显著影响运动表现,但现有研究多局限于运动学分析,缺乏针对两阶段气动特性内在关联的空气动力学探究。因此,需探讨起跳至空中飞行动态过程中不同运动表现呈现出的气动特性差异特点。方法 建立具备项目特征的人/板系统精细化模型,基于计算流体力学数值模拟仿真,应用统计参数映射方法对比起跳至空中飞行动态过程中不同运动表现的气动特性差异,包括升力、阻力、升阻比、力矩等;同时选取代表性个案,观察特征时刻人/板系统的压力、流场以及涡量强度分布变化。结果 SPM检验结果显示,远距离组在起跳至空中飞行过程的90~100%获得的总升力显著超过阈值(P=0.02,tcrit=3.29);总阻力虽全程小于近距离组,但结果对比并无显著统计学意义(P>0.05,tcrit=3.44);总升阻比在过程92~100%显著超过阈值(P=0.01,tcrit=3.53);总力矩在过程77~100%显著超过阈值(P<0.001,tcrit=3.33)。飞行距离最远的一跳在动态过程中明显承受压力较小,速度流线较为清晰顺畅,回流涡强度较小。结论 研究发现相较于普通运动表现,优异运动表现具备更优的气动特性效果,特别是在早期飞行阶段开始直至形成稳定的飞行姿态。

    Abstract:

    Abstract:Objective Key technical parameters during ski jumping's takeoff and flight phases greatly affect performance. Yet, most studies focus on kinematic analysis, lacking aerodynamic research into the link between these two phases' aerodynamic features. Thus, it is necessary to explore the aerodynamic characteristics of different performances in the dynamic process from takeoff to flight. Methods A refined model of the athlete/ski system was established. Utilizing CFD simulations, we apply SPM methods to compare aerodynamic differences in various motion performances during the dynamic transition from takeoff to flight, encompassing lift, drag, lift-to-drag ratio, and torque. Additionally, we selected representative cases to observe changes in pressure, flow field, and vorticity intensity distribution. Results The SPM test results indicated that the total lift achieved by the long-distance group during the 90-100% phase of the takeoff and flight process significantly surpassed the threshold (P=0.02, tcrit=3.29). Although the total drag throughout the entire process was lower than that of the close-range group, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05, tcrit=3.44). The total lift-to-drag ratio notably exceeded the threshold during the 92-100% phase (P=0.01, tcrit=3.53), and the total torque significantly exceeded the threshold during the 77-100% phase (P<0.001, tcrit=3.33). The jump with the longest flight distance evidently experienced less pressure during the dynamic process, exhibiting a clearer and smoother velocity streamline, along with a weaker reflux vortex. Conclusions Research has found that, compared to ordinary athletic performance, excellent athletic performance exhibits superior aerodynamic effects, particularly during the initial flight phase until a stable flight posture is established.

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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-28
  • 最后修改日期:2025-04-16
  • 录用日期:2025-04-17
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